Weak acids, such as CH₃COOH, produce fewer H⁺ ions compared to strong acids like HCl or H₂SO₄.

Because the process is exothermic, acid must always be added slowly to water, and never water to the concentrated acid.

Bases that are soluble in water are specifically called alkalis.

Baking Soda (NaHCO₃) decomposes when heated to yield Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃), CO₂, and H₂O.

Tooth decay starts when the mouth’s pH is less than 5.5, which damages tooth enamel.

Salts having the same positive or negative radicals (e.g., NaCl and Na₂SO₄ share Na⁺) are considered to belong to the same family.

Metallic oxides react with acids to form salt and water, indicating they behave as basic oxides.

The digestive system uses HCl; antacids are used to neutralize excess acid.

This is the definition of water of crystallisation.

HCl gas ionises in water to form hydronium ions (H₃O⁺) and Cl⁻ ions.

CO₂ gas is tested using lime water.

Non-metallic oxides behave as acidic oxides since they react with bases to produce salt and water (e.g., CO₂ + Ca(OH)₂).

This is the definition of a neutralisation reaction.

Bleaching Powder (Ca(ClO)₂) is prepared by reacting Cl₂ with slaked lime (Ca(OH)₂).

Weak acid + strong base yields a basic salt.

Dilution reduces the concentration of H⁺ or OH⁻ ions per unit volume.

Olfactory indicators are those substances whose smell changes in acidic or basic media. The sources list onion, vanilla, and clove as olfactory indicators.

Sodium Hydroxide is prepared through the Chlor-Alkali process.

Acids react with metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas (H₂).

Washing Soda is Na₂CO₃·10H₂O.

Metal carbonates and hydrogencarbonates react with acids to yield salt, CO₂, and water.

Acid rain is defined by a pH value less than 5.6, which affects aquatic life.

Plaster of Paris (POP) is used for setting fractured bones.

Acids and bases ionise only in aqueous solution; dry HCl gas requires water to produce the H⁺ ions necessary for acidity.

The presence of hydrogen gas evolved from the reaction of acids with metals is confirmed through the soap bubble test.

Uses listed include bleaching textiles/paper, acting as an oxidizing agent, and disinfecting water.

The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH > 7 indicates a basic solution.

The methanoic acid from stings can be neutralized by applying mild bases like baking soda.

Plaster of Paris is derived by heating gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O).

The salt formed from a strong acid and strong base is neutral.