Observational learning involves modeling behaviour by observing others.

The id operates on the pleasure principle seeking immediate gratification.

Jung proposed the collective unconscious containing archetypes.

Independent self is common in individualistic cultures emphasizing autonomy.

Central traits are general characteristic dispositions forming personality.

Self-esteem is the overall evaluation of one’s worth.

It concerns the relative contributions of genes and environment to personality.

Cattell’s source traits underlie surface traits.

Social identity comes from group memberships and roles.

Astrology is not a scientific approach used in psychology.

Collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony and interdependence.

Neuroticism–stability is one of Eysenck’s biological dimensions.

Rorschach is a projective test using ambiguous inkblots for interpretation.

Repression involves keeping threatening impulses out of conscious awareness.

Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to succeed in specific situations.

It helps understand individual differences in behaviour and adjustment.

Personality inventories are standardized questionnaires assessing traits.

Jung described introversion and extraversion as basic attitudes.

Self-monitoring is adjusting one’s behaviour according to situational cues.

Rogers described the fully functioning person as someone progressing toward self-actualization.

Sattva, rajas and tamas are guna-based qualities describing temperament and personality.

Personal identity comprises unique traits, abilities and personal attributes.

Sheldon proposed endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph body types linked to temperament.

Self-actualization is at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Interdependent self focuses on relationships and social roles.

Self-regulation is the process of controlling thoughts, emotions, and behaviours.

Adler highlighted inferiority feelings and striving for superiority.

Skinner emphasized operant conditioning—behaviour shaped by reinforcement.

Personality is the enduring pattern of traits and behaviours that characterize an individual.

Interactionism holds that both personal traits and situational factors shape behaviour.

Reciprocal determinism is the mutual influence of behaviour, environment and personal factors.

Self-concept is the set of beliefs a person holds about themselves.

Openness to experience is one of the Big Five factors.

Behavioural assessment uses observation to record real-life behaviour.

Self refers to awareness and knowledge of one’s own identity.