Choice A is incorrect and may result from conceptual errors. Choice C is
incorrect. This is the number of students that chose activity 5,

Choice B is incorrect because “alternately” illogically signals that the action
described in this sentence offers an alternative or contrast to the previous
observation that the dish had a calming effect. Instead, the action is a result or
consequence of that observation. Choice C is incorrect because “nevertheless”
illogically signals that the action described in this sentence occurs despite the
previous observation that the dish had a calming effect. Instead, the action is
a result or consequence of that observation. Choice D is incorrect because
“likewise” illogically signals that this sentence merely adds a second, similar
detail to the previous observation that the dish had a calming effect. Instead, this
sentence describes an action that is a result or consequence of that observation.

Choice B is incorrect because “actually” illogically signals that the detail in
this sentence is surprising in light of the information in the previous sentence.
Instead, the detail adds to the information, indicating a second, additional way
in which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. Choice C is
incorrect because “however” illogically signals that the detail in this sentence
contrasts with the information in the previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds
to the information, indicating a second, additional way in which Coleridge-Taylor
emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. Choice D is incorrect because “regardless”
illogically signals that the detail in this sentence is true despite the information
in the previous sentence. Instead, the detail adds to the information, indicating
a second, additional way in which Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race
ancestry

Choice A is incorrect because “secondly” illogically signals that this sentence
merely offers an additional or secondary point concerning the previous assumption
that Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano. Instead, the sentence offers a contrast
to or refutation of that assumption. Choice B is incorrect because “consequently”
illogically signals that this sentence offers a result or consequence of the previous
assumption that Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano. Instead, the sentence
offers a contrast to or refutation of that assumption. Choice C is incorrect because
“moreover” illogically signals that this sentence merely adds to the previous assumption that Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano. Instead, the sentence
offers a contrast to or refutation of that assumption

Choice A is incorrect because “instead” illogically signals that the bill passing is an
alternative to one of the events described in the previous sentences. It is the final
event in the sequence. Choice B is incorrect because “likewise” illogically signals
that the bill passing is similar to one of the events described in the previous
sentences. Instead, it is the final event in the sequence. Choice D is incorrect
because “additionally” illogically signals that the bill passing is merely another
event described along with the events of the previous sentences. Instead, it is the
final, concluding event in the sequence.

Choice B is incorrect because placing the semicolon after “single-handedly” and
the comma after “however” illogically indicates that the information in the next main
clause (all historical designations must be approved by a group of experts) is contrary
to the information in the previous clause (Okinaka doesn’t make such decisions
single-handedly). Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Commas
can’t be used in this way to punctuate a supplementary word or phrase between
two main clauses. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence.
The two main clauses are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunctio

Choice A is incorrect because a comma (specifically, the comma after
“nonnative”) can’t be used in this way to separate items in a complex series.
Choice C is incorrect because a semicolon can’t be used in this way to separate
the noun phrase “diverse plant species” and the supplementary phrase “both
native and nonnative” that modifies it. Further, a comma can’t be used in this way
to separate items in a complex series. Choice D is incorrect because it fails to use
appropriate punctuation to separate the noun phrase “diverse plant species” and
the supplementary phrase “both native and nonnative” that modifies it. Further, a
comma can’t be used in this way to separate items in a complex series.

Choice A is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier. The placement of
the noun “Julian” immediately after the modifying phrase illogically suggests that
Julian himself was named as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist
in the past hundred years. Choice B is incorrect because it results in a dangling
modifier. The placement of the prepositional phrase “in 1935” immediately
after the modifying phrase illogically and confusingly suggests that “in 1935”
was named as one of the greatest achievements by a US chemist in the past
hundred years. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a dangling modifier.
The placement of the noun phrase “the alkaloid physostigmine” immediately
after the modifying phrase illogically and confusingly suggests that the alkaloid
physostigmine itself (not the synthesis of it) was named as one of the greatest
achievements by a US chemist in the past hundred years.

Choice A is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. Without a conjunction
following it, a comma can’t be used in this way to join two main clauses. The
word “later” is an adverb and cannot be used to join two main clauses unless it is
preceded by a conjunction. Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma
splice. Without a conjunction following it, a comma can’t be used in this way to
join two main clauses. Choice D is incorrect because it results in a comma splice.
Without a conjunction following it, a comma can’t be used in this way to join two
main clauses. The word “later” is an adverb and cannot be used to join two main
clauses unless it is preceded by a conjunction.

Choice A is incorrect because the plural verb “are” doesn’t agree in number with
the singular subject “the triangle.” Choice B is incorrect because the plural verb
“have been” doesn’t agree in number with the singular subject “the triangle.”
Choice C is incorrect because the plural verb “were” doesn’t agree in number with
the singular subject “the triangle.”Choice D is the best answer. The convention being tested is subject-verb agreement.
The singular verb “is” agrees in number with the singular subject “the triangle.”

Choice A is incorrect. When a dash is present in a sentence (“ran—fast”), it’s not
conventional to use another dash (“fast—during”) to mark the boundary between
sentences because it creates a potentially confusing sentence. In this context,
a period, semicolon, or colon would be clear and more conventional. Choice B is
incorrect because it results in a run-on sentence. The sentences (“Defying…fast”)
and (“during…Olympics”) are fused without punctuation and/or a conjunction.
Choice C is incorrect because it results in a comma splice. A comma can’t be used
in this way to mark the boundary between sentences.

Choice B is incorrect because the context requires the plural possessive noun
“people’s” and the plural noun “stories,” not the plural noun “peoples” and the
singular possessive noun “story’s.” Choice C is incorrect because the context
requires the plural possessive noun “people’s,” not the plural noun “peoples.”
Choice D is incorrect because the context requires the plural noun “stories,”
not the singular possessive noun “story’s.”

Choice B is incorrect because the text says nothing about how often Venus was
depicted fishing in Roman art: it only implies that in certain instances a female
figure may or may not be Venus. Choice C is incorrect because Carla Brain’s
proposed explanation for the presence of the cupids makes no reference to the
female figure, and so the possibility that the figure in the artworks is in fact Venus
cannot be definitively eliminated. Choice D is incorrect because there is nothing in
the text to suggest that the only reasonable way to interpret the figure is as Venus.

Choice B is incorrect because the quotation indicates that members of a
collective are able to collaborate together and have agreed on a fair way to
manage their responsibilities; this doesn’t demonstrate the challenge of sharing
control among members of a collective. Choice C is incorrect because the
quotation highlights the support and encouragement of individual expression
an artist experiences due to working in a collective; these positive aspects don’t
demonstrate the challenge of sharing control among members of a collective.
Choice D is incorrect because the quotation doesn’t address any challenges of
sharing control among members of a collective; it simply indicates that artists
sometimes choose to work with collectives without having to be a member.
Therefore, the quotation doesn’t illustrate the journalist’s claim.

Choice A is incorrect because the researchers’ hypothesis is that female
flycatchers prefer the sounds produced by the tail feathers of males of their own
subspecies, which will lead to further divergence between the two subspecies.
This finding is about the shape of wing feathers and how that affects longdistance flight, whereas the hypothesis is about the shape of tail feathers and
how that relates to female mate preference. Choice C is incorrect because the
researchers’ hypothesis is that female flycatchers prefer the sounds produced
by the tail feathers of males of their own subspecies, which will lead to further
divergence between the two subspecies. This finding focuses on how the
tail feather sounds communicate different messages, which doesn’t address
differences between the subspecies or female preferences. Choice D is incorrect
because the researchers’ hypothesis is that female flycatchers prefer the sounds
produced by the tail feathers of males of their own subspecies, which will lead to
further divergence between the two subspecies. The finding that breeding habits
haven’t changed for either subspecies does not, by itself, suggest anything about
female preferences or divergence between the two subspecies

Choice A is incorrect because the text conveys that Buck isn’t social with people
other than Thornton but doesn’t address Buck’s life or temperament before he
lived with Thornton. Choice B is incorrect because the text conveys that Buck
doesn’t really care about people other than Thornton and is aloof toward them.
However, there’s no indication that Buck mistrusts and avoids people generally;
indeed, he accepts Thornton, who is a human. Choice C is incorrect because
the text refers to random travelers praising and petting Buck and Thornton’s
partners giving Buck favors, but there’s no indication that any of these people are
Thornton’s friends or that they have a particular fondness for Buck.

Choice A is incorrect because the text doesn’t address the passage of time or
describe either the human mind or a flower as becoming increasingly vigorous.
Choice B is incorrect because the text doesn’t suggest that human minds or
flowers draw strength from changes in weather. The references to rain in the text
pertain to a flower’s need for water rather than the general effects of changing
weather. Choice D is incorrect because the text doesn’t suggest that the human
mind or a flower will persist regardless of challenging circumstances. In fact, the
text indicates that they’ll both languish right away if not given what they need.

Choice A is incorrect because the text never makes any mention of Mary’s
chores. Choice B is incorrect because the text indicates that Mary finds pulling up
weeds to be fascinating, not boring. Choice C is incorrect because Mary thinks of
garden activities in and of themselves as play, not as something necessary to do
to create a space to play

Choice A is incorrect because nothing in Text 2 suggests that Graeber and
Wengrow believe that decentralized collective societies are more significant
than hierarchical systems. Text 2 is focused on Graeber and Wengrow’s view
that humans have flexibly shifted among various social structures, not on the
importance of particular structures relative to others. Choice C is incorrect
because Text 2 doesn’t include any information suggesting that Graeber and
Wengrow believe that hierarchies didn’t emerge until after the rise of agriculture.
In fact, Text 2 indicates that Graeber and Wengrow cite evidence suggesting that
some hunter-gatherer groups formed social structures with hierarchical elements
(“communities that included esteemed individuals”) 50,000 years ago, long before
the rise of agriculture, which Text 1 says occurred around 12,000 years ago.

Choice A is incorrect because the third sentence doesn’t indicate that Chang and
colleagues were investigating any particular hypothesis. According to the text,
Chang and colleagues were simply monitoring mimosa trees when the beetles
happened to be introduced to the area. Choice C is incorrect because the third
sentence offers a generalization about the relationship between predators and
prey, not an explanation for the findings of Chang and colleagues that differs from
an explanation presented elsewhere in the text. Choice D is incorrect because
the third sentence doesn’t discuss any particular species (either the species
mentioned elsewhere in the text or any other) and doesn’t help explain why
species spread to new locations.

Choice A is incorrect. While the speaker does address an opinion of him that
he believes to be untrue, he doesn’t indicate that this attitude has become
increasingly prevalent. The speaker also concludes by explaining his goal for the
future rather than his current worldview. Choice B is incorrect because the text
doesn’t portray the speaker as isolated or regretful, and the speaker gestures
toward a hope for societal change but doesn’t offer an explicit prediction that it
will happen. Choice C is incorrect because the speaker addresses a criticism of
him that he believes to be false; he doesn’t admit any personal shortcomings.
Moreover, the speaker concludes by stating a goal he has rather than showcasing
his achievements.

Choice A is incorrect because the speaker assesses a natural sight—a “black
cypress” tree standing “against a gold, gold sky” like a pointed finger—but doesn’t
question the accuracy of her own assessment. Although she wonders why the
finger, which is really a tree, is black and why it’s pointing, the speaker doesn’t
suggest that her belief that the tree resembles a finger is wrong. Choice C is
incorrect. Although the speaker describes seeing a “black cypress” tree standing
“against a gold, gold sky” like a pointed finger, she wonders about that natural
image (asking why the finger, which is really a tree, is black and why it’s pointing)
and doesn’t give any indication that any people are present in the scene. Choice D
is incorrect. Although the speaker examines and wonders about one thing in her
surroundings—a “black cypress” tree standing “against a gold, gold sky” like a
pointed finger—she doesn’t address her own emotional state or consider how it’s
affected by her surroundings.

Choice A is incorrect because it wouldn’t make sense to say that recognizing
Bosch’s influence on Banisadr isn’t “substantial,” or meaningful. The text states
that Banisadr himself cites Bosch as an influence. Choice B is incorrect because
it wouldn’t make sense to say that it isn’t “satisfying,” or pleasing, to recognize
Bosch’s influence on Banisadr. The text states that Banisadr himself cites Bosch
as an influence. Choice D is incorrect because it wouldn’t make sense to say that
recognizing Bosch’s influence on Banisadr isn’t “appropriate,” or suitable. The text
indicates that Banisadr himself notes that Bosch’s work has had an effect on him

Choice B is incorrect because the text doesn’t suggest that the shop owner
resents the young man who sold him the new picture; in fact, the text gives
no indication of the owner’s feelings about the young man at all. Choice C is
incorrect. Although the text indicates that the new picture is different from the
other items in the shop, there’s no suggestion that the shop owner prizes either
the new picture or the pictures of the city, pets, and landscapes more than he
prizes any other items. Choice D is incorrect because the text doesn’t describe
what the new picture looks like; rather, the text identifies some of the other kinds
of images that the shop owner has and states that they’re different from the new
picture without explaining how they’re different.

Choice B is incorrect because there’s nothing in the text to suggest that
handedness is less “intriguing,” or fascinating, in nonhuman animals than it is in
humans. The text focuses on how easy it is to observe handedness in humans
as compared with other animals; the text doesn’t suggest that handedness is
more fascinating in humans. Choice C is incorrect because there’s nothing in the
text to suggest that handedness is less “significant,” or important or meaningful,
in nonhuman animals than it is in humans. The text focuses on how easy it is to
observe handedness in humans as compared with other animals; the text doesn’t
suggest that handedness is more significant in humans. Choice D is incorrect
because “useful,” or functional or helpful, wouldn’t make sense in context. The
text focuses on the ease with which researchers can determine whether an animal
or person is right- or left-handed, not on how useful handedness in nonhuman
animals is compared with handedness in humans.

Choice B is incorrect because it wouldn’t make sense to say that the surface
of the Moon may not accurately “receive,” or acquire or experience, early
impacts from asteroids or meteoroids. The text indicates that the impacts have
already occurred, and it isn’t clear how the Moon’s surface could be accurate
or inaccurate in experiencing them. Choice C is incorrect because it wouldn’t
make sense to say that the surface of the Moon may not accurately “evaluate,”
or determine the significance or condition of, early impacts from asteroids or
meteoroids, since that would suggest that it’s possible for the Moon’s surface to
make a decision of any kind. Choice D is incorrect. In this context, “mimic” would
mean to deliberately simulate or closely imitate something. It wouldn’t make sense
to say that the surface of the Moon may not accurately mimic early asteroid and
meteoroid impacts, since that would suggest that it’s possible for the Moon to
deliberately imitate something.